Inheritance is one of the key features of OOP that allows one class to inherit properties and methods from another.
class Animal {
void makeSound() {
System.out.println("Some sound");
}
}
class Dog extends Animal {
void bark() {
System.out.println("Woof");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Dog myDog = new Dog();
myDog.makeSound(); // inherited method
myDog.bark(); // own method
}
}
Subclasses can provide specific implementations of methods defined in the superclass.
class Animal {
void makeSound() {
System.out.println("Some animal sound");
}
}
class Cat extends Animal {
@Override
void makeSound() {
System.out.println("Meow");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Animal a = new Cat();
a.makeSound(); // Outputs: Meow
}
}
Polymorphism allows one interface to be used for a general class of actions. The most common use is when a parent class reference is used to refer to a child class object.
class Shape {
void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a shape");
}
}
class Circle extends Shape {
void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a circle");
}
}
class Square extends Shape {
void draw() {
System.out.println("Drawing a square");
}
}
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Shape s;
s = new Circle();
s.draw(); // Outputs: Drawing a circle
s = new Square();
s.draw(); // Outputs: Drawing a square
}
}
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