Module 19: Introduction to OOPs

🧠 What is OOP?

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects. It allows for better modularity, reusability, and organization of code.

🔑 Key Principles of OOP

• Encapsulation: Wrapping data and methods into a single unit.
• Abstraction: Hiding internal implementation and showing only essential details.
• Inheritance: Mechanism where one class can inherit fields and methods from another.
• Polymorphism: Ability of a variable, function, or object to take multiple forms.

🏗️ Example: Encapsulation

                    class Student {
                      private String name;
                    
                      public String getName() {
                        return name;
                      }
                    
                      public void setName(String name) {
                        this.name = name;
                      }
                    }
                    
                    public class Main {
                      public static void main(String[] args) {
                        Student s = new Student();
                        s.setName("John");
                        System.out.println(s.getName());
                      }
                    }
                    

🧬 Example: Inheritance

                    class Animal {
                      void sound() {
                        System.out.println("Animal makes a sound");
                      }
                    }
                    
                    class Dog extends Animal {
                      void sound() {
                        System.out.println("Dog barks");
                      }
                    }
                    
                    public class Main {
                      public static void main(String[] args) {
                        Animal obj = new Dog();
                        obj.sound();
                      }
                    }