Module 13: Encapsulation

🔐 What is Encapsulation?

Encapsulation is the practice of wrapping data (variables) and methods that operate on the data into a single unit called a class. It helps protect the internal state of an object and restricts direct access to some of its components.

This is achieved using:

• Private variables
• Public getter and setter methods

💡 Example of Encapsulation

                    class Person {
                        private String name;
                        private int age;
                    
                        public String getName() {
                            return name;
                        }
                    
                        public void setName(String name) {
                            this.name = name;
                        }
                    
                        public int getAge() {
                            return age;
                        }
                    
                        public void setAge(int age) {
                            if(age > 0) {
                                this.age = age;
                            }
                        }
                    
                        public static void main(String[] args) {
                            Person p = new Person();
                            p.setName("John");
                            p.setAge(25);
                            System.out.println("Name: " + p.getName());
                            System.out.println("Age: " + p.getAge());
                        }
                    }
                    

Here, the internal variables name and age are protected and accessed only via public methods.